ABSTRACT
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome [PCOS] is the most frequent female endocrine disorder that affects 5-10% of women. PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo-/anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. The aim of the present research is to evaluate the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein [StAR] and aromatase [CYP19] mRNA in the ovaries of an estradiol valerate [EV]-induced PCOS rat model, and the effect of treadmill and running wheel [voluntary] exercise on these parameters
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we divided adult female Wistar rats that weighed approximately 220 +/- 20 g initially into control [n=10] and PCOS [n=30]. Subsequently, PCOS group were divided to PCOS, PCOS with treadmill exercise [P-ExT], and PCOS with running wheel exercise [P-ExR] groups [n=10 per group]. The expressions of StAR and CYP19 mRNA in the ovaries were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [qRT-PCR]. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS software, version 16. The data were assessed at alpha=0.05
Results: There was significantly lower mRNA expression of CYP19 in the EV-induced PCOS, running wheel and treadmill exercise rats compared to the control group [P<0.001]. Treadmill exercise [P=0.972] and running wheel exercise [P=0.839] had no significant effects on CYP19 mRNA expression compared to the PCOS group. mRNA expression of StAR in the ovaries of the PCOS group indicated an increasing trend compared to the control group, however this was not statistically significant [P=0.810]. We observed that 8 weeks of running wheel and treadmill exercises could not statistically decrease StAR mRNA expression compared to the PCOS group [P=0.632]
Conclusion: EV-induced PCOS in rats decreased CYP19 mRNA expression, but had no effect on StAR mRNA expression. We demonstrated that running wheel and moderate treadmill exercise could not modify CYP19 and StAR mRNA expressions
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Among the injury types, sports ones constitute a considerable proportion of patients who refer to the medical centers. This research was conducted to examine the frequency of sports-related injuries referring to Kashan University of Medical Sciences Trauma Research Center from 2005 to 2011.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This was a retrospective research in which existing data from the data bank of Kashan University of Medical Sciences Trauma Research Center were employed. The data were extracted from the main source by SPSS version 16.0. Variables such as age, education, occupation and gender were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The highest proportion of injuries was observed in students (59.4%) followed by workers (11.8%). Upper and lower extremities were most commonly injured. The most frequent injury was strain (35.4%), followed by sprain (27.7%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of this research showed that the majority of the sports trauma occurrs in students; therefore, they need more attention in regard to sports injuries. Preventive measures such as informing the coaches and teachers as well as increasing the students'awareness about the injury risk can decrease the incidences of sports injuries.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Athletic Injuries , Epidemiology , Iran , Epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , StudentsABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of music on metabolic responses during incremental exercise in male athletes. In this quasi- experimental study with cross- over design, Ten male athletes [age: 19.76 +/- 0.97 years, height: 176 +/- 6.72 cm, Weight: 68.5 +/- 7 5.95 kg] were voluntarily selected and performed Bruce protocol with fast rhythm music condition until exhaustion, with 72 hours interwal between two days of test. Metabolic factors had assessed in 3, 6, 9 and 12 minutes. Data were analyzed by paired t-test with significant level of <0.05. Listening to fast rhythm music during incremental exercise caused significant increase in respiratory rate exchange, Vco[2], ventilation and breathe rate per minute and significant decrease in perception of exertion rate [P<0.05] and no significant changes in Vo[2], anaerobic threshold and time to exhaustion. The study revealed that listening to fast rhythm music decreases perception of exertion, and also, metabolic system tends to be more involved in anaerobic metabolism during incremental exercise
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Ramadan fasting on body composition, calorie intake and physical performance in young female athletes undertaking training sessions during Ramadan. Twelve voluntary female athletes [15-27 years old] were assigned to the research. A prospective study was conducted to investigate the athletes on four different occasions: one week before Ramadan [T1], the second [T2] and fourth [T3] weeks of Ramadan, and two weeks after the end of Ramadan [T4]. Food intake, body composition and physical performance [agility, balance and explosive leg power] were investigated on each occasion. Further, Physical performance was assessed by agility, vertical jump and balance tests. There was a significant main effect for time for body composition indices. A significant decrease was observed in weight [P=0.01] and body mass index [BMI] [P=0.01] in T2 compared with T1, further decrease in weight [P<0.001] and BMI [P<0.001] was observed in T3 compared to T1. Calorie intake decreased significantly in T3 compared with T1 [P=0.008], and increased significantly in T4 compared with T3 [P=0.04]. There was a significant main effect for time for agility performance [P=0.03], but no significant main effect for time was observed for vertical jumping [P=0.1] and balance performance [P=0.3]. This study has found that Ramadan fasting could affect the body composition, but not physical performance in female athletes during Ramadan